While I almost exclusively work with adults now, I’ve spent most of my professional life working with children and adolescents. Not that adults are a whole lot different.

Honestly, therapy is mostly about working through issues and behaviors that began in some form in childhood.

Don’t worry, this isn’t a hate on parents post. This is about gaining awareness of how important adolescence is to our human development and how mindfulness can contribute to being a healthier human being overall. This is useful whether you’re currently an adolescent, going to be one someday, interact with them, or were one and find yourself or others around you turning back into one when triggered.

Argos Gonzalez is an educator who uses mindfulness in working with adolescents and those who also work with adolescents. He wrote about this and since his thoughts and views are in line with my own, I wanted to share them with you:

The adolescent years are challenging, confusing, and filled with changes to the body, their brain, and relationships. Adolescence is a tumultuous time of our lives!

The developing brains of adolescents

When I taught mindfulness to my teens in the Bronx, I often introduced the book Brainstorm by Dr. Daniel Siegel. Even though it was a challenging text for them to get through, they were engaged with the book because it was giving them insight into the way adults looked at them. It helped them understand what was changing in their brains and effecting the way they were feeling and acting. I will summarize some of the things I shared with my students here, but if this is a topic, you think would be helpful to you or your students will find interesting, make sure to add Brainstorm to your reading list.

Myths of adolescence

The way we see adolescents becomes the way they see themselves. These misunderstandings can lead to confusion and conflict for teens and adults. Which of these myths are you familiar with?

1. Raging hormones cause teenagers to “go mad” or “lose their minds.”

According to Siegel hormones do increase, but these levels then stay consistent throughout much of adulthood. Its not the hormones that are causing behavior changes. What adolescents experience is primarily the result of natural and needed changes in their developing brains.

2. Teens are immature and need to grow up.

The risk-taking tendencies, impulsiveness, and high emotional sensitivity of teens is not a sign of immaturity but rather an outcome of exactly what they are supposed to be doing during this developmental stage—testing boundaries, creating their own view of the world, and preparing for life beyond the family home and school community.

3. Growing up requires moving from dependence on adults to total independence from them.

The healthy move to adulthood is toward interdependence, not complete do-it-yourself isolation. Giving care and receiving help from others is the model we should be supporting.

Pause, take a couple of breaths, and reflect on your own middle or high school experience. I’m sure you can understand why adolescents struggle during this time of their lives, especially if the adults around them fundamentally misunderstand them. Remembering our own experience can help us be more understanding and compassionate in the interactions we have with teens.

Qualities of the adolescent mind

Dr. Siegel goes on to name the attributes of the adolescent mind as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these changes. His book also guides reader through activities that ask adolescents to reflect and bring awareness to their internal landscape, and which support healthy communication.

Novelty Seeking

Increased drive for rewards and increased inner motivation to seek new experiences and feel life more fully

Upside: Being open to change and exploring new ways of doing things that lead to a sense of adventure
Downside: Sensation seeking and taking risks without considering consequences can lead to dangerous behavior

Social Engagement

Enhanced peer connectedness and new friendships are explored

Upside: The drive for social connection leads to creation of supportive relationships that can support and enrich teens their whole life
Downside: Adolescents might isolate themselves from other adults and only surround themselves with other teens, which can lead to increased risky behavior

Increased Emotional Intensity

Emotional sensitivity increases, allowing teens to feel life experiences more intensely

Upside: Emotional intensity can fill teens with energy and a sense of vitality for being alive
Downside: Emotional intensity can fill teens with energy and a sense of vitality for being alive. Emotions can rule the day, leading to moodiness and, sometimes unhelpful, reactivity

Creative Exploration

Expanded sense of being leads to conceptual thinking that question status quo and approaches problems with out-of-the-box solutions

Upside: Sense of wonder, creativity, and curiosity can be nurtured; new solutions and strategies for a fuller life are explored
Downside: New explorations can lead to crisis of identity, susceptibility to peer pressure, and lack of direction or purpose

Taking these findings into account highlights why mindfulness interventions are critical at this age.

There is promising, if nascent, evidence, that mindfulness can support adolescent well-being by supporting development of their prefrontal cortex (where empathy, thinking of consequences, and other executive function skills live), by enhancing their ability to focus, and helping them name and regulate their emotions. In addition, studies of adults participating in mindfulness interventions like Mindfulness Based Stressed Reduction “suggest that participation in MBSR is associated with changes in gray matter concentration in brain regions involved in learning and memory processes, emotion regulation, self-referential processing, and perspective taking.” These research studies, coupled with my experience teaching adolescent, makes it easy to argue for introducing mindfulness interventions to adolescents.

Introducing mindfulness to teens can be especially rewarding and challenging. Working with adolescents can bring to the surface the unresolved feelings and painful experiences we faced as adolescent. To be effective with this age group, we must reflect and turn to our own practice. We also have to make sure that when we offer mindfulness to adolescents it is relevant and engaging otherwise we won’t be able to truly support them.

Working with teens

Some of these apply to all age groups, but they hold special importance when working with adolescents. Adolescence spans from the ages of 12 to 24. This is one of the most confusing times of our lives, even when things are going well.

Remember what your adolescence was like, and have compassion!
Students’ feelings should be validated always, but especially keep this in mind now, because many adults are dismissive of the strong emotions of teens.
Practices, conversations, and activities should be relevant to the students’ lives.
Learning should be student centered when possible, and students should be given opportunities to share and interact with one another.
Students tend to be sensitive about the way they are perceived by others, but they might not fully understand how they perceive themselves.
Support healthy identity formation by creating a culture of acceptance of individual difference and respect for personal boundaries.
Avoid stereotypical language, and recognize your own assumptions and biases.

This article originally appeared on https://artoflivingretreatcenter.org/blog/creating-mindfulness-experiences-for-adolescents/.